Question:

Two ‘Eids fell on one day: Friday and ‘Eid Al-Adhha. In this case, what should be done? Should we pray Zuhr if we don’t offer the Friday prayer, or is there no requirement for it if we do not perform the Friday prayer?

Answer:

Whoever prayed the Eid prayer on Friday, it is permitted for him not to attend the Friday prayer on that day, except for the Imam, for he is obliged to perform it for whoever wishes to attend it – be they from among those who attended the Eid prayer, or those who did not attend it. If no one attends the Friday prayer, he is relieved of its obligation and he should offer the Zuhr prayer. In saying this, the scholars cite as evidence the narration of Abu Dawud in his Sunan, on the authority of Iyyas bin Abi Ramlah Ash-Shami, who said : I witnessed Mu’awiyyah bin Abi Sufyan, may Allah be pleased with him, asking Zaid bin Arqam: Did you witness two Eids falling on the same day with the Messenger of (صلى الله عليه وسلم)? He said : Yes. He asked: “And what did he do? He replied : “He offered the Eid prayer, then he gave permission for those who wished, to perform the Friday prayer, saying :

Whoever wants to pray, then let him pray. [Abu Dawud no. 1070]

Also cited as evidence is the narration of Abu Dawud in his Sunan, on the authority of Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم), which states that he said :

Two Eids have fallen on this day, so whoever wished, it will suffice him instead of the Friday prayer; and we are offering the Friday prayer. [Abu Dawud no 1074]

This proves that it is allowed on Fridays for those who have attended the Eid prayer not to perform the Friday prayer, but that the Imam is not excused, because he (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said :

And we are offering the Friday prayer.

Also cited as evidence is the narration of Muslim, on the authority of An-Nu’man bin Bashir, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) used to recite Surah Al-A’la and Surah Al-Ghashiyah in the Eid prayers and the Friday prayers and he might have prayed both of them one day and recited them in both prayers. [Muslim no. 878]

So whoever does not attend the Friday prayer from among those who have prayed the Eid prayer, he must pray it as Zuhr, in accordance with the evidences which prove that it is obligatory to offer the Zuhr prayer for those who do not attend the Friday Prayer. And may peace and blessings be upon our Prophet, Muhammad and upon his family and Companions.

The Permanent Committee

Source: Fatawa Islamiyah, Volume 2 (Purification and Prayer), pp. 453-454.