Covered in this lesson:
Conclusion of answer to question 148 regarding what does the Pre-Ordainment of happiness or misery necessitate.
Question 149 – What is the evidence for the third level – belief in the Mashee’ah (will of Allāh)? – and its answer.
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Notes (produced by Abū Yahyā Imrān Rafīq):
– Q148. Commentary of Shaykh Ahmad al-Najmī (d.1429H, rahimahullāh): This piece by Hāfidh Al-Hakamī is very important, ‘what is the action of today?’, ‘what is the point in acting?’. The answer: “Work (do good deeds) for each one (every person) will be facilitated for that which they were created.” [authentic hadīth – mentioned previously]
– Pre-Ordainment of happiness: “As for him — (Abū Bakr) — who gives (in charity) and fearfully keeps his duty (to Allāh). And believes in al-Husnā (the statement of monotheism) (or: the obligations of prayer, fasting and charity) (or: the promise of Allāh) (or: Paradise and its reward). Then We will make easy for him (the path to) (further) righteousness (or: to Paradise).” [al-Lail(92):5-7, source: https://www.thenoblequran.com/q/#/search/92_5-7].
– Pre-Ordainment of misery: “But as for he — ( Umayyah bin Khalaf) — who is miserly (with respect to his wealth and Allāh’s right upon him) and considers himself self-sufficient (from his Lord). And rejects al-Husnā (the statement of monotheism) (or: the obligations of prayer, fasting and charity) (or: the promise of Allāh) (or: Paradise and its reward). Then We will make easy for him (the path to) evil (or: Hellfire).” [al-Lail(92):8-10, source: https://www.thenoblequran.com/q/#/search/92_8-10]
– Some people do deeds that appear outwardly to other people to be from the deeds of Paradise, but they are from the people of Hellfire. Hadīth regarding this has previously been mentioned.
– Two contrasting examples from the Sunnah:
1. Abdullāh bin Mas’ūd (رضي الله عنه) reported that Allāh’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “…verily one of you does the deeds of the people of Paradise until there is only a cubit between him and it (Paradise), then that which has been written regarding him overtakes him and he does the deeds of the people of Hell-Fire and enters into it (the Hell-Fire).” [Sahih Muslim 2643a, Kitāb al-Qadar]
Narrated Abu Huraira (رضي الله عنه): “We witnessed along with Allāh’s Messenger (ﷺ) the Khaibar (campaign). Allāh’s Messenger (ﷺ) told his companions about a man who claimed to be a Muslim, “This man is from the people of the Fire.” When the battle started, the man fought very bravely and received a great number of wounds and got crippled. On that, a man from among the companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) came and said, “O Allāh’s Apostle! Do you know what the man you described as of the people of the Fire has done? He has fought very bravely for Allāh’s Cause and he has received many wounds.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “But he is indeed one of the people of the Fire.” Some of the Muslims were about to have some doubt about that statement. So while the man was in that state, the pain caused by the wounds troubled him so much that he put his hand into his quiver and took out an arrow and committed suicide with it. Off went some men from among the Muslims to Allāh’s Messenger (ﷺ) and said, “O Allāh’s Messenger (ﷺ)! Allāh has made your statement true. So-and-so has committed suicide.” Allāh’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “O Bilāl! Get up and announce in public: None will enter Paradise but a believer, and Allāh may support this religion (Islām) with a wicked man.” [Sahīh al-Bukharī 6606, Kitāb al-Qadar].
2. Narrated al-Barā’a (رضي الله عنه): “A man whose face was covered with an iron mask (i.e. clad in armour) came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “O Allāh’s Messenger (ﷺ)! Shall I fight or embrace Islām first? “The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Embrace Islām first and then fight.” So he embraced Islām, and was martyred. Allāh’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, A Little work, but a great reward. (He did very little (after embracing Islām), but he will be rewarded in abundance)”. [Sahīh al-Bukharī 2808, Book of Jihād]
– From this the companions understood the necessity of taking the ways and means. Qadar doesn’t prevent a person from acting. One should make du’ā to Allāh to grant him (or her) firmness.
– Commentary of Shaykh Sālih al-ʿUthaymīn (d.1421H, rahimahullāh): To abandon the ways and means, and actions is foolishness. Allāh’s wisdom is such that everything which occurs is because of a cause, either it is known to us or it is not. There are ways and means, and causes and effects. We take the ways and means of happiness. Tawakkul cannot be except by the ways and means, doing what has been commanded and staying away from what has been prohibited.
– Q149. Answer of Shaykh Hāfidh Al-Hakamī (d.1377H, rahimahullāh): Allāh, the Most High, said, “But you cannot will, unless Allāh wills.” [al-Insān(76):30]
“And never say of anything, “I shall do such and such thing tomorrow.” except (with the saying), “If Allāh wills!”” [al-Kahf (18):23-24]
Evidences also in:
[al-An’ām(6):39]
[al-Mā’idah(5):48 and an-Nahl(16):93]
[ash-Shū’ara(26):8]
[Muhammad(47):4]
[al-Burūj(85):16]
[Yā-Sīn(36):82]
[an-Nahl(16):40] and
[al-An’ām(6):125]
And there are many other verses, which cannot be enumerated.
And he (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, “The hearts of the slaves are between the two Fingers of the Most Merciful, as one heart. He turns them how He wills.” [Sahīh Muslim. at-Tirmidhī and Ahmad]
And he (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, “Do not say, “What Allāh wishes and what so and so wishes.”, rather, say, “Whatever Allāh Wishes.” only.” [Abū Dawūd, Musnad Ahmad and al-Baihaqī]
And he (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, “…Whoever Allāh Wishes good for, He gives him understanding of the Deen.” [Bukharī, at-Tirmidhī and Musnad Ahmad]
Other ahadith mentioned.
– Commentary of Shaykh Sālih al-ʿUthaymīn (d.1421H, rahimahullāh): Everything that happens is only because Allāh wills it. Allāh’s own actions occur by His will, actions of the servants occur by His will.
– Commentary of Shaykh Ahmad al-Najmī (d.1429H, rahimahullāh): The will of the servant is not independent of the will of Allāh. This is where the Qadariyyah went astray, “How can Allāh punish people for their deeds?” they claimed. Allāh’s proof is established, He sent Messengers, Books, and gave them hearing, sight, faculties, ability to think, choose, act, etc. Allāh showed them the right and wrong way so the hujjah is established. Allāh does not wrong any of His servants, “Allāh wrongs not even of the weight of an atom (or a small ant)…” [an-Nisā'(4):40]
– Dhulm (oppression) is to place a right in other than its proper place. A servant falling into Shirk is dhulm because that right (of being deserving of worship) belongs only to Allāh.
– Need action of the heart, belief of the heart only is not sufficient. Iblīs knows the truth but disbelieves due to arrogance.
